Using the Tax System to the Couple's Advantage

Now's the time to start considering strategies to minimize your tax bill when you retire.

The most popular strategy is contributing to the RRSP of the spouse most likely to have the lowest income. To take full advantage of this strategy, you'll need to understand the tax system (federal and provincial combined).

The system is "tiered", which means that you do not pay taxes on the first $11,038 you earn. If your income is $12,000, a combined tax rate of 12.53% applies only to the additional $962 in earnings, bringing your tax total to $121.

The following table provides an approximation of tax payable on a $41,000 income in 2013.

Knowing how this works, many people contribute to their spouses' RRSP to even out their incomes, since two $ 20,500 incomes are taxed less than a single income of $41,000. If you don't even out your RRSPs before you retire, it will be too late to take advantage of income splitting.

The new rules for pension income splitting in effect since the 2007 fiscal period let you save money by allocating up to 50% of your pension income to your spouse, under certain conditions. However, contributing to your spouse's RRSP is still a better option for saving money on taxes because it allows you to split 100% of your contributions.

Québec Pension Plan Sharing

Another strategy that can reduce your taxes is dividing up your Québec Pension Plan (QPP) pension between you and your spouse.

To do so, you have to apply to the Régie des rentes du Québec and meet certain conditions on the date of application, notably...

• Whether you're a same sex or opposite sex couple, you have to be married or in a civil union and not legally separated, or in a common law relationship for at least three years
• You must both be 60 or over
• You must both be receiving a QPP pension
  
  or
  
  One of you must be receiving a QPP pension and the other a Canada Pension Plan (CPP) pension
  
  or
  
  One of you must be receiving a QPP pension and the other must never have contributed

You should also know...

• When pension sharing is calculated, the marriage, civil union, or common law union period and the 2 spouses' combined contribution periods are taken into account. That means one spouse will not necessarily receive half of the other spouse's pension. In addition, you can never give your spouse half of your pension without taking half of his or her pension.
• For spouses married on January 1, 1966, or earlier, the pensions are split in 2 equal parts.
• From a tax standpoint, the spouse with the highest income could benefit from pension sharing if the other spouse has a significantly lower taxable income.
• If a spouse receives the maximum monthly benefit ($1,012.50 at age 65 in 2013) and is subject to the maximum 49.97% tax rate, pension sharing with the spouse who has no income could save up to $3,035.67 per year, depending on the period of union considered (49.97% × 50% × 12 × $1,012.50). This is before the partial loss of tax credits for a dependent spouse.

Spouses cannot share...

• QPP benefits other than pensions

The next time you simulate your retirement income, find out how QPP pension sharing would affect your personal finances. To do so, flash RetirementQuébec recommends visiting the Website www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca/en.